Load handling and excavating machine



Nov. 26, 1935. E; J. WILSON 2,022,163

LOAD HANDLING AND EXCAVATING MACHINE Filed April 12, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 A14 I I x v 4 a r INVENTOR. Emery J M/solz BY I W F W ATTORNEYS Nov.26, 1935. E. J. WILSON LOAD HANDLING AND EXCAVATING MACHINE Filed April 12, 1954 4 Sheets-Shee 2 INVENTOR.

fmery J M/son.

W em -M ATTORNEY.

Nov. 26, 1935. 5. 11. WILSON LOAD HANDLING AND EXCAVATING MACHINE Filed April 12, 19:54 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 IQNVENTOR.

finer/u J M/son. Q

AT ORNEYS.

Patented Nov. 26, 1935- 1 UNITED 's'rrrrris aozal'cs' LOAD HANDLING EXCAVATING MACHINE Emery Wilson, Cleveland, Ohio, assignor to Thew Shovel Company ration of Ohio Lorain, Ohio, a corpo- Application April 12,1934, Serial No. 720,277 I scams. ('01. 214-135) 9 This invention relates to. improvements in has handling and excavating machines of the type comprising a base and a rotatable superstructure mounted thereon, and more particularly relatesto improvements in the design and arrangement of the power mechanism of such machines.

An object of the invention is toprovide, for power operated load handling and excavating machines of the type comprising a base and a superstructure revolvable thereon, an improved construction of superstructure whereby the 7 weight of the superstructure may be utilized in an improved mannerfor counterbalancing purposes. v

Another object of the invention is to provide,

for machines of the class referred to, an improved construction ior .supporting the-power mechanism thereof.

Another objectof the invention is to provide, for counterbalanced machines of the class referred to, an improved compact power mechanism and mounting therefor having the maximum of counterbalancing effect for the minimum of weight, whereby the.minimum of' power is required for operating the machine and for moving it from place to place. I

-Another object is to provide, for machines of the class described, an improved power transmission mechanism.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved power transmission mechanism for a power shovel or the like which is economical of construction and which will transmit "power relatively directly to the work with a maxi- 4 mum of efllc'iency.

:Other objects of theinvention. and theinvention itself will become increasingly apparent from a consideration of the following description and drawings, wherein:- 'Fig. ,1 is an elevational view, partially diagram- I mile, of a power operated shovel incorporating my, invention;

Fig-J 2 is a fragmentary plan viewof the superstructure illustrated in Fig. 1', with parts omitted for simplicity; L

Fig. 3 is an elevational view of the superstruc ture illustrated in Fig. 2; n

.Fig. 4. is a sectional view along planes includingthe axes of the power shafts, as indicated at Referring to the drawings, the principal parts I the posts and of the shovel comprise the truck I uponwhich is rotatably mountedthe superstructure, generally indicated at 2, including a power mechanism assembly, and a boom 3 upon which is mounted the shipper shaft 4 which carries the dipper stick 5 5 and dipper 8. The dipper stick 5 is supported at its end in a conventional manner as is likewise the boom, these parts and their operation consti- L- tu'ting no essential part of my present invention.

The power mechanism assembly is supported by a frame comprising a sectional turntable bed including a; front turntable bed T and a rear turn- .table bed 8,a, pair of aligned posts 9 and I9 spaced transversely of the turntable and pivotally connected to the rear ofthe front turntable bed as by pins ll. As best illustrated in Fig. 2, the front turntable bed 'l'has spaced perforated arms extending rearwardly from each side of the bed, the-lower end of the, posts 9 and I9 being disposed intermediate the arms and secured thereon bythe pins ll projected through the arms and aperforation in the posts, the pins being suitably secured by locknnuts or the like. Struts l2 are pin-connected to the front of the front tumtable bed I and to theupper ends ofposts 9 and '25 ill in a generally simflar manner, the posts thus being pin-connected at all supporting points. The upper ends of posts 9 and ID are connected by ashaft l9 projected through aligned perforations in the posts and-secured in any suitable manner as, by collars i4 fixed to the shaft ends outwardlyof the posts. Also mounted on the shaft l3 are cable sheaves i5 maintained in spaced relation by a generally U-shaped spacing strap l9 encircling the shaft and between the sheaves i5. 1

The strap l6 also forms the-mountingfor the sheaves I'Ldisposedat right angles to the sheaves I5.- Suitable supporting cables l9 leading to the boom pass over sheaves l5 and H. The posts 9 40 and i9 which are inclined rearwardly relative to the boom support the rear turntable bed 9 'through pin connections l9 and tie rods 29. The

rear turntable bed 8 which is generally of U form i'si'ecessed at the ends of the U legs to receive lugs 2| extending, rearwardly from the foot'of' I the posts 9 and iii, the posts and the bed 8 being pivotally connected by projecting the pins I9 through aligned perforations inthe bed legs and secured therein bycotter-pins or the like.

,- The tie rods 2;: are projected through aligned perforated lugs provided at the rear of" the bed 8 .andthe upper end of the posts 9 and I II, and

intermediately disposedspaci'ng sleeves 2|a, and

adjustably secured by nuts threadedly engaging the rod ends. 1

Between the posts are mounted the power mechanism driving shafts, carrying suitable clutches, drums and braking means and adjacent the rearward end of the rear turntable bed is mounted a prime mover 222 such as the internal combustion engine illustrated diagrammatically. Although I have illustrated aninternal combustion engine, it isunderstood that any suitable source of power such as an electric motor may be employed. I i

The power mechanism is adapted to propel the truck in a forward or reverse direction and at two different speeds, crowd and retract the dipper stick in excavating'operations, swing the superstructure in either direction, and raise and lower the boom. Other than concurrently propelling the truck and swinging the superstructure, these operations may be independently or concurrently effected through the provision of suitable clutches.

In eifecting these operations, a center drive shaft 22, best illustrated in Fig. 4, is fixedly supported between the posts 9 and ID by having the shaft ends projected through bearings 23 and 24, provided in the posts 9 and I respectively, and non-rotatably locked therein by pins 25 projected through the bearings and the shaft ends. Ro-' tatably mounted on the center drive shaft 22 is a sleeve 26 preferably by anti-friction bearings, as indicated at 21 and 28, the inner face of the sleeve being grooved to accommodate sealing rings abutting the post 9, and the outer end of the sleeve being sealed by a cap 29 to provide a lubricant reservoir for the bearings. Integral with the sleeve 26 is a pinion 30 and keyed to the sleeve is a driving gear 3|, the gear 3! being prevented from axial movement by means of a shoulder 32 on the sleeve and cap 29.

Rotatably mounted on the opposite end of the center drive shaft 22 is an idler gear 33 provided with a suitable bearing bushing 34 and secured against axial movement by means of a shoulder on the shaft and a collar 35 pinned to the shaft end. The gear 3| is-driven by means of a chain 36 from the motor pinion 31, the motor pinion 31 being coupled with the motor shaft by any suitable manually operable clutch. Thus the driving gear 3| provides the means for transmitting the power from the motor to the various power shafts to effect the shovel operations, includingpropulsion of the truck and swinging of the superstructure.

The pinion 30, driven by the shaft 22, meshes with a gear 38 keyed to a hoist shaft 40. 'I'he hoist shaft, in a manner to be described, effects movement of the loading and excavating mechanism supported by the boom such as thedipper stick and dipper 6 in the present illustration.

The pinion 30 alsomeshes with a gear keyed to a horizontal swing shaft 42; the shaft 42. in a manner to be described effects derricking of the boom, swinging of the superstructure, and propulsion of the truck. Both the hoist shaft 40 and horizontal swing shaft 42 are rotatably supported between the posts Band III, and will be continuously rotated by means of the pinion 30 when the motor clutch is engaged. The, hoist shaft is mounted by means of split bearings suit ably bushed, provided in the posts 9 and I0, and

indicated at 44 and 45 respectively. Similar split bearings in the posts 9 and lll ,.indicated at 4 and 41, are provided for the mounting of the horizontal swing shaft.

These three compactly arranged shafts, mounted on the posts, comprise the main power shafts and are driven relatively directly from the motor, 5 affording a maximum of efficiency. The composite center of gravity of these shafts and their associated parts is disposed a substantial distance rearwardly of the fulcrum of the posts 9 and III, as determined by pins I I; and exert a maximum counter-balancing effect on the posts, opposing the pull exerted by the boom and its supported mechanism relative to the axis of rotation of the superstructure; The disposition of the power unit rearwardly of the rear turntable 8 aids this counter-balancing effect.

Prior superstructures with which I am familiar have been provided with vertical posts for suspending the power mechanism, thereby disposing the weight of the supported parts relatively closer to the supporting base for the superstructure and relatively decreasing the counter-balancing action of these parts. Thus, a relatively greater boom load may be handled or the boom may reach relatively farther out than with prior shovels, and continual swinging of excess weight to counter-balance the load is eliminated.

The hoist shaft 40 controls the crowding and retracting of the dipper stick through a crowding drum 5!] and a retract drum 5| rotatably mounted on the hoist shaft, each of said drums having integral therewith a brake wheel as indicated at 52 and 53.

The retract drum 5| is removably mountedon a drum 54 similar to the crowding drum 50, whereby the retract drum may be removed and the drum 54 utilized to operate a clam shell bucket or the like.

Drums 50 and 54 are each freely rotatable on the hoist shaft, the drums being provided with bushings of suitable material as indicated at 55, and are adapted to be coupled with the shaft by means of expanding friction clutches disposed internally of the brake wheels 52 and 53, as generally indicated at 56 and 51. The friction 46 clutches 56 and 51 constitute no essential part of my present invention and any suitable clutches may be provided. The clutches may comprise suitably lined bands 58, supported by a spider 59 keyed to the hoist shaft, and expanded by axial movement inwardly of a sleeve 60 keyed to the spider hub and operably connected to the clutch band by link means indicated at 6|. Axial movement of the sleeve 60 in a reverse direction will uncouple the drum from the shaft. The axial movement of sleeve may be 'efl'ected by a yoke 62 operable by a hand lever through suitable link means.

Conventional contractible brake bands 63 encircle the brake wheels 52 and 53 whereby the 00 drums may be selectively brakedpreferably 7 through foot operable link leverage means.

Rotatably mounted on the horizontal swing shaft 42, preferably by anti-friction bearings 64- 64, are clutch drums 65 and .66 having bevel pin- 05 ions confrontingly disposed integral therewith, as indicated at 65' and 66', respectively, the pinions being maintained in adiustably spaced rela tion by threaded studs 61 affording a means of adjustment for the bearings 54.

The clutch'drums and their associated pinions are adapted to be selectively coupled to the shaft 42 by friction clutches 68 and 69 generally similar to those described in connection with the hoist shaft operable by axial movement of the 7 hand levers through suitable link mechanism. The pinions 65"- and 66', in a manner to be later described, transmit power for swinging the superstructure and propelling the truck.

Also, mounted on the horizontal swing shaft 42 and outwardly of the post bearing 41 is a boom hoist clutch and brake assembly generally indi-.

c ated at 1|, comprising a brake wheel 12 and a disc clutch 13. The brake wheel may be coupled to the shaft 42 by axial movement of a sleeve H,-

slidably keyed to the clutch hub, through frictionalengagementof cooperating discs secured a meshing with the idler gear 33 on the center drive shaft, the idler gear 33 in turn meshing with a gear 16 integral with the boom hoist drum 1! rotatably mounted in the rear turntable bed 8 as best illustrated in 2. The drum 1! has one end of the boom derricking cable l8 anchored thereto, the cable then passing around the sheaves at the boom end-and the sheaves previously described mounted on the shaft l3 at the post upper ends and the opposite cableyend being anchored I to the rear turntable bed as indicated in Fig. 5.

Thus the boom will be raised by a winding rotaz tive movement imparted to the drum 16 through the coupling of the pinion with the horizontal swing shaft by the aforementioned clutch means and the lowering of the boom may be controlled by-the manually operable brake band encircling the brake wheel 12.

It will be noted by referring to Fig. 5 that the boom hoist cable It, in passing from the sheaves [5-45, on the shaft l3, to the turntable, is disposed'in substantially parallel relation with the posts Sand [0, whereby the posts are subjected to substantially equal or balanced loading.

Referring to Figs. 2 and 3, thetruck] has integrally secured thereto a relatively large. gear 80, the superstructure being rotatably supported eled rollers 8| mounted in the front turntable bed 'I. The hub of the gear 80 forms a bearing for acenter pin 82having integrally secured .to its upper end a 'gear 83, the lower end of the center pinbeing adapted to transmit power to the truck propelling shafts. The center pin 82, promay be coupled to a driving bevel .gear 35, the

gear 85 being continuously meshed with the bevel pinions 65' and 66' mounted onthe horizontal swing shaft, whereby as the pinionsare selec-v tively and rotatably coupled 'withthe shaft. as

hereinbefore-described, the gear 35 may be caused to rotate in-reverse directions to reversibly swing the superstructure.

The gear 85 also is continuously meshed with.

a beveled pinion 86 fixed to the upper end of an inclined travel shaft 81 -whereby the shaft-l1 may be caused to rotate in reverse directions decoupled with the horizontal swing shaft-'42.-

. upon the upper face of the gear by means of bevpendent upon whether the pinion'fii' or 36' is table bed substantially beneath the upper ends of separable beds, drum supporting means comprising rearwardly and upwardly inclined posts piv- 'otally secured to the turntable generally cenand the upper end of said posts, the forward pair ofstruta r 3.:In a machine of the class: described, a front The travel shaft is rotatably mounted on the front-turntable bed I by means of spaced bearings, indicated at 88 and 89. Loosely mounted on the shaft 81 are spaced bevel pinions 90 and 9|, each meshed with a gear 83. which transmits I r power to the 'truck propulsion mechanism. The

pinions 90 and HI are each provided with an integral clutch face, as indicated at 90a and 9M, respectively, the clutch faces being adapted tobe engaged by clutch segments of a jaw clutch elel0 men't 92 keyed to the travel shaft, the element 92 I; being movable axially of the travel shaft by suitable manually operable link means. The truck may thus be, propelled in reverse directions and f at two different speeds through the previously de- 18 scribed clutch andtransmission mechanism. a The power mechanism described affords a compact arrangement of power shafts driven from a common driving pinion mounted with their axes a substantial distance rearwardly of the axis of rotation of the superstructure to provide a maximum counter-balancing action with a minimum .of excess weight. Power is transmitted relatively directly from the prime mover to the work, and truck travel or swinging of the superstructure is eflected independently of the various shovel operations. 4 1

Although I have chosen "to illustrate 'my invention as applied to a power shovel, it is underst'oodthat it is equally adaptable to any load handling or excavating machine rotatable upon-a base such as a crane, clam shell, back digger, and the like, and numerous departures may be made from the embodiment described without departing from the spirit of my invention, appended claims.

Having thus ,described my invention, what I claim is:

a 1. In a machine of the class described compristable bed and inclined upwardly and rearwardly relative tothe bed, struts connecting the upperends of the posts and .the front of 'the front turntable bed, the struts being substantially twice the length of the posts,.the rear turntable bed being pivotally supported at the lower ends of the posts, struts 'connecting'the rear turntable bed and the upper ends of the posts, geared shovel actuating shafts supported between the posts having. their axes disposed rearwardly 'of the front turntable bed and operable from one of saidshafts, a motor. supported upon the rear turn-- the posts, and driving means interconnecting the motor and said operable shafts. 2. In a machine of the class described, compris ing a rotatable turntable having front and rear trally thereof and of a length substantially greater than half the turntable length, a pair of laterally disposed struts pivotally secured to the front end of the turntable and theupper ends of said posts, and a. second pair of laterally dis-f posed struts secured to the'rear of the turntable of struts being of substantiallythe length of the '70 turntable and twice the length of. the rear pair turntable bedrotatably supported, a pair of upwardly and. rearwardly-inclined posts pivotally and the scopeof the connected to the rear end of the front turntable bed, a. pair of laterally spaced struts plvotally connected to the upper end of the posts and the front of the front turntable bed, a rear turntable bed pivotally engaging the foot of said posts rearwardly of the point of engagement of the posts with the front turntable bed and of substantially the length of the front bed, and a pair of struts interconnecting the' upper ends of the posts and the rear of the rear bed, said struts being substantlally one-half the length of the first mentioned struts.

EMERY J. WILSON. 

